Per KG
₹197
avg today
10 KG
₹1970
approx
1 Quintal
₹19,700
100 KG
1 Ton
₹197,000
1000 KG
Best Price Today
₹27,100/qtl
Palakkad Market
Keralam, Palakad
Lowest Price Today
₹12,300/qtl
Palakkad Market
Keralam, Palakad
Chili Red
Red
₹500 1%
₹27,100
/ quintal
· ₹271/kg
Min ₹26,000
Max ₹28,000
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Chili Red
RED
No change
₹26,600
/ quintal
· ₹266/kg
Min ₹25,500
Max ₹27,500
06/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Chili Red
RED
No change
₹26,600
/ quintal
· ₹266/kg
Min ₹25,500
Max ₹27,500
04/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Chili Red
RED
No change
₹26,100
/ quintal
· ₹261/kg
Min ₹25,000
Max ₹27,000
02/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Chili Red
RED
No change
₹26,100
/ quintal
· ₹261/kg
Min ₹25,000
Max ₹27,000
01/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Chili Red
RED
No change
₹26,100
/ quintal
· ₹261/kg
Min ₹24,000
Max ₹27,000
27/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Chili Red
RED
No change
₹27,100
/ quintal
· ₹271/kg
Min ₹26,000
Max ₹28,000
24/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Chili Red
RED
No change
₹27,100
/ quintal
· ₹271/kg
Min ₹26,000
Max ₹28,000
23/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Chili Red
RED
No change
₹27,100
/ quintal
· ₹271/kg
Min ₹26,000
Max ₹28,000
19/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Chili Red
RED
₹300 1%
₹26,800
/ quintal
· ₹268/kg
Min ₹25,500
Max ₹28,000
16/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Chili Red
RED
No change
₹27,100
/ quintal
· ₹271/kg
Min ₹25,500
Max ₹28,500
15/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Chili Red
RED
No change
₹26,100
/ quintal
· ₹261/kg
Min ₹25,000
Max ₹27,000
12/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Chili Red
RED
No change
₹26,100
/ quintal
· ₹261/kg
Min ₹25,000
Max ₹27,000
10/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Chili Red
RED
No change
₹25,300
/ quintal
· ₹253/kg
Min ₹24,500
Max ₹26,000
06/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Chili Red
RED
No change
₹26,100
/ quintal
· ₹261/kg
Min ₹25,000
Max ₹27,000
04/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Chili Red
RED
₹2,000 8%
₹26,100
/ quintal
· ₹261/kg
Min ₹25,000
Max ₹27,000
02/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Chili Red
RED
No change
₹24,100
/ quintal
· ₹241/kg
Min ₹23,000
Max ₹25,000
01/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Chili Red
RED
No change
₹24,100
/ quintal
· ₹241/kg
Min ₹23,000
Max ₹25,000
30/05/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Chili Red
RED
No change
₹25,100
/ quintal
· ₹251/kg
Min ₹24,000
Max ₹26,000
26/05/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Chili Red
RED
No change
₹25,100
/ quintal
· ₹251/kg
Min ₹24,000
Max ₹26,000
26/05/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Chili Red
RED
No change
₹24,300
/ quintal
· ₹243/kg
Min ₹23,500
Max ₹25,000
22/05/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Chili Red
RED
No change
₹25,100
/ quintal
· ₹251/kg
Min ₹24,000
Max ₹26,000
21/05/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Chili Red
RED
No change
₹25,100
/ quintal
· ₹251/kg
Min ₹24,000
Max ₹26,000
20/05/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Chili Red
RED
No change
₹25,100
/ quintal
· ₹251/kg
Min ₹24,000
Max ₹26,000
19/05/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Chili Red
RED
No change
₹25,100
/ quintal
· ₹251/kg
Min ₹24,000
Max ₹26,000
18/05/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Chili Red
RED
No change
₹25,100
/ quintal
· ₹251/kg
Min ₹24,000
Max ₹26,000
16/05/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Chili Red
RED
No change
₹25,100
/ quintal
· ₹251/kg
Min ₹24,000
Max ₹26,000
15/05/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Chili Red
RED
No change
₹25,100
/ quintal
· ₹251/kg
Min ₹24,000
Max ₹26,000
13/05/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Chili Red
RED
No change
₹25,100
/ quintal
· ₹251/kg
Min ₹24,000
Max ₹26,000
11/05/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Chili Red
RED
No change
₹25,100
/ quintal
· ₹251/kg
Min ₹24,000
Max ₹26,000
09/05/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Chili Red
RED
No change
₹24,500
/ quintal
· ₹245/kg
Min ₹23,800
Max ₹25,000
07/05/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Chili Red
RED
No change
₹24,300
/ quintal
· ₹243/kg
Min ₹23,500
Max ₹25,000
04/05/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Chili Red
RED
No change
₹24,800
/ quintal
· ₹248/kg
Min ₹24,000
Max ₹25,500
21/04/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Chili Red
RED
No change
₹24,800
/ quintal
· ₹248/kg
Min ₹23,500
Max ₹26,000
20/04/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Chili Red
RED
No change
₹25,100
/ quintal
· ₹251/kg
Min ₹24,000
Max ₹26,000
16/04/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Red Gram Arhar Tur Whole
Arhar Dal(Tur)
No change
₹12,300
/ quintal
· ₹123/kg
Min ₹11,500
Max ₹13,000
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Red Gram Arhar Tur(whole)
ARHAR DAL(TUR)
No change
₹12,000
/ quintal
· ₹120/kg
Min ₹11,400
Max ₹12,500
06/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Red Gram Arhar Tur(whole)
ARHAR DAL(TUR)
No change
₹12,000
/ quintal
· ₹120/kg
Min ₹11,400
Max ₹12,500
04/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Red Gram Arhar Tur(whole)
ARHAR DAL(TUR)
No change
₹12,300
/ quintal
· ₹123/kg
Min ₹11,500
Max ₹13,000
02/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Red Gram Arhar Tur(whole)
ARHAR DAL(TUR)
No change
₹12,300
/ quintal
· ₹123/kg
Min ₹11,500
Max ₹13,000
01/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Red Gram Arhar Tur(whole)
ARHAR DAL(TUR)
No change
₹12,300
/ quintal
· ₹123/kg
Min ₹11,500
Max ₹13,000
30/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Red Gram Arhar Tur(whole)
ARHAR DAL(TUR)
No change
₹12,300
/ quintal
· ₹123/kg
Min ₹11,500
Max ₹13,000
23/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Red Gram Arhar Tur(whole)
ARHAR DAL(TUR)
No change
₹12,300
/ quintal
· ₹123/kg
Min ₹11,400
Max ₹13,000
22/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Red Gram Arhar Tur(whole)
ARHAR DAL(TUR)
No change
₹12,300
/ quintal
· ₹123/kg
Min ₹11,400
Max ₹13,000
20/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Red Gram Arhar Tur(whole)
ARHAR DAL(TUR)
No change
₹12,300
/ quintal
· ₹123/kg
Min ₹11,400
Max ₹13,000
19/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Red Gram Arhar Tur(whole)
ARHAR DAL(TUR)
No change
₹12,300
/ quintal
· ₹123/kg
Min ₹11,500
Max ₹13,000
16/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Red Gram Arhar Tur(whole)
ARHAR DAL(TUR)
No change
₹12,600
/ quintal
· ₹126/kg
Min ₹11,600
Max ₹13,500
12/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Red Gram Arhar Tur(whole)
ARHAR DAL(TUR)
No change
₹12,600
/ quintal
· ₹126/kg
Min ₹11,600
Max ₹13,500
10/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Red Gram Arhar Tur(whole)
ARHAR DAL(TUR)
No change
₹12,600
/ quintal
· ₹126/kg
Min ₹11,600
Max ₹13,500
09/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Red Gram Arhar Tur(whole)
ARHAR DAL(TUR)
No change
₹12,600
/ quintal
· ₹126/kg
Min ₹11,500
Max ₹13,500
08/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
| Commodity | Variety | Market (APMC) | District | State | Min Price ₹ | Modal Price ₹ | Max Price ₹ | Change | Date | Trend chart |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chili Red | Red | Palakad | Keralam | ₹26,000 | ₹27,100 | ₹28,000 | ₹500 | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Chili Red | RED | Palakad | Keralam | ₹25,500 | ₹26,600 | ₹27,500 | — | 06/07/2026 | ||
| Chili Red | RED | Palakad | Keralam | ₹25,500 | ₹26,600 | ₹27,500 | — | 04/07/2026 | ||
| Chili Red | RED | Palakad | Keralam | ₹25,000 | ₹26,100 | ₹27,000 | — | 02/07/2026 | ||
| Chili Red | RED | Palakad | Keralam | ₹25,000 | ₹26,100 | ₹27,000 | — | 01/07/2026 | ||
| Chili Red | RED | Palakad | Keralam | ₹24,000 | ₹26,100 | ₹27,000 | — | 27/06/2026 | ||
| Chili Red | RED | Palakad | Keralam | ₹26,000 | ₹27,100 | ₹28,000 | — | 24/06/2026 | ||
| Chili Red | RED | Palakad | Keralam | ₹26,000 | ₹27,100 | ₹28,000 | — | 23/06/2026 | ||
| Chili Red | RED | Palakad | Keralam | ₹26,000 | ₹27,100 | ₹28,000 | — | 19/06/2026 | ||
| Chili Red | RED | Palakad | Keralam | ₹25,500 | ₹26,800 | ₹28,000 | ₹300 | 16/06/2026 | ||
| Chili Red | RED | Palakad | Keralam | ₹25,500 | ₹27,100 | ₹28,500 | — | 15/06/2026 | ||
| Chili Red | RED | Palakad | Keralam | ₹25,000 | ₹26,100 | ₹27,000 | — | 12/06/2026 | ||
| Chili Red | RED | Palakad | Keralam | ₹25,000 | ₹26,100 | ₹27,000 | — | 10/06/2026 | ||
| Chili Red | RED | Palakad | Keralam | ₹24,500 | ₹25,300 | ₹26,000 | — | 06/06/2026 | ||
| Chili Red | RED | Palakad | Keralam | ₹25,000 | ₹26,100 | ₹27,000 | — | 04/06/2026 | ||
| Chili Red | RED | Palakad | Keralam | ₹25,000 | ₹26,100 | ₹27,000 | ₹2,000 | 02/06/2026 | ||
| Chili Red | RED | Palakad | Keralam | ₹23,000 | ₹24,100 | ₹25,000 | — | 01/06/2026 | ||
| Chili Red | RED | Palakad | Keralam | ₹23,000 | ₹24,100 | ₹25,000 | — | 30/05/2026 | ||
| Chili Red | RED | Palakad | Keralam | ₹24,000 | ₹25,100 | ₹26,000 | — | 26/05/2026 | ||
| Chili Red | RED | Palakad | Keralam | ₹24,000 | ₹25,100 | ₹26,000 | — | 26/05/2026 | ||
| Chili Red | RED | Palakad | Keralam | ₹23,500 | ₹24,300 | ₹25,000 | — | 22/05/2026 | ||
| Chili Red | RED | Palakad | Kerala | ₹24,000 | ₹25,100 | ₹26,000 | — | 21/05/2026 | ||
| Chili Red | RED | Palakad | Kerala | ₹24,000 | ₹25,100 | ₹26,000 | — | 20/05/2026 | ||
| Chili Red | RED | Palakad | Kerala | ₹24,000 | ₹25,100 | ₹26,000 | — | 19/05/2026 | ||
| Chili Red | RED | Palakad | Kerala | ₹24,000 | ₹25,100 | ₹26,000 | — | 18/05/2026 | ||
| Chili Red | RED | Palakad | Kerala | ₹24,000 | ₹25,100 | ₹26,000 | — | 16/05/2026 | ||
| Chili Red | RED | Palakad | Kerala | ₹24,000 | ₹25,100 | ₹26,000 | — | 15/05/2026 | ||
| Chili Red | RED | Palakad | Kerala | ₹24,000 | ₹25,100 | ₹26,000 | — | 13/05/2026 | ||
| Chili Red | RED | Palakad | Kerala | ₹24,000 | ₹25,100 | ₹26,000 | — | 11/05/2026 | ||
| Chili Red | RED | Palakad | Kerala | ₹24,000 | ₹25,100 | ₹26,000 | — | 09/05/2026 | ||
| Chili Red | RED | Palakad | Kerala | ₹23,800 | ₹24,500 | ₹25,000 | — | 07/05/2026 | ||
| Chili Red | RED | Palakad | Kerala | ₹23,500 | ₹24,300 | ₹25,000 | — | 04/05/2026 | ||
| Chili Red | RED | Palakad | Kerala | ₹24,000 | ₹24,800 | ₹25,500 | — | 21/04/2026 | ||
| Chili Red | RED | Palakad | Kerala | ₹23,500 | ₹24,800 | ₹26,000 | — | 20/04/2026 | ||
| Chili Red | RED | Palakad | Kerala | ₹24,000 | ₹25,100 | ₹26,000 | — | 16/04/2026 | ||
| Red Gram Arhar Tur Whole | Arhar Dal(Tur) | Palakad | Keralam | ₹11,500 | ₹12,300 | ₹13,000 | — | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Red Gram Arhar Tur(whole) | ARHAR DAL(TUR) | Palakad | Keralam | ₹11,400 | ₹12,000 | ₹12,500 | — | 06/07/2026 | ||
| Red Gram Arhar Tur(whole) | ARHAR DAL(TUR) | Palakad | Keralam | ₹11,400 | ₹12,000 | ₹12,500 | — | 04/07/2026 | ||
| Red Gram Arhar Tur(whole) | ARHAR DAL(TUR) | Palakad | Keralam | ₹11,500 | ₹12,300 | ₹13,000 | — | 02/07/2026 | ||
| Red Gram Arhar Tur(whole) | ARHAR DAL(TUR) | Palakad | Keralam | ₹11,500 | ₹12,300 | ₹13,000 | — | 01/07/2026 | ||
| Red Gram Arhar Tur(whole) | ARHAR DAL(TUR) | Palakad | Keralam | ₹11,500 | ₹12,300 | ₹13,000 | — | 30/06/2026 | ||
| Red Gram Arhar Tur(whole) | ARHAR DAL(TUR) | Palakad | Keralam | ₹11,500 | ₹12,300 | ₹13,000 | — | 23/06/2026 | ||
| Red Gram Arhar Tur(whole) | ARHAR DAL(TUR) | Palakad | Keralam | ₹11,400 | ₹12,300 | ₹13,000 | — | 22/06/2026 | ||
| Red Gram Arhar Tur(whole) | ARHAR DAL(TUR) | Palakad | Keralam | ₹11,400 | ₹12,300 | ₹13,000 | — | 20/06/2026 | ||
| Red Gram Arhar Tur(whole) | ARHAR DAL(TUR) | Palakad | Keralam | ₹11,400 | ₹12,300 | ₹13,000 | — | 19/06/2026 | ||
| Red Gram Arhar Tur(whole) | ARHAR DAL(TUR) | Palakad | Keralam | ₹11,500 | ₹12,300 | ₹13,000 | — | 16/06/2026 | ||
| Red Gram Arhar Tur(whole) | ARHAR DAL(TUR) | Palakad | Keralam | ₹11,600 | ₹12,600 | ₹13,500 | — | 12/06/2026 | ||
| Red Gram Arhar Tur(whole) | ARHAR DAL(TUR) | Palakad | Keralam | ₹11,600 | ₹12,600 | ₹13,500 | — | 10/06/2026 | ||
| Red Gram Arhar Tur(whole) | ARHAR DAL(TUR) | Palakad | Keralam | ₹11,600 | ₹12,600 | ₹13,500 | — | 09/06/2026 | ||
| Red Gram Arhar Tur(whole) | ARHAR DAL(TUR) | Palakad | Keralam | ₹11,500 | ₹12,600 | ₹13,500 | — | 08/06/2026 |
Showing latest 50 records. Use the search above to filter by commodity, state or market.
Explore More Markets
Chili Red · Palakkad Market
Chili Red · Palakkad Market
Chili Red · Palakkad Apmc
Red Gram Arhar Tur Whole · Palakkad Market
Red Gram Arhar Tur(whole) · Palakkad Market
Amranthas Red · Pappanchani Vfpck Apmc
Red Gram Arhar Tur(whole) · Neeleswaram Apmc
Red Gram Arhar Tur(whole) · Palakkad Apmc
Amranthas Red · Kottakkal Apmc
Amranthas Red · Vaniyamkulam Vfpck Apmc
Arhar(tur Red Gram)(whole) · Neeleswaram Apmc
Arhar(tur Red Gram)(whole) · Palakkad Apmc
Frequently Asked Questions
Today's average modal price of Chili Red in Kerala is ₹19700 per quintal (100 KG), approximately ₹197 per KG. Prices vary by market and arrival volume.
1 KG of Chili Red in Kerala costs approximately ₹197 based on today's average mandi rate of ₹19700/quintal. Retail prices may be slightly higher.
10 KG of Chili Red in Kerala costs approximately ₹1970 at today's average mandi rate. Prices differ across APMCs; check the table above for market-specific rates.
1 quintal (100 KG) of Chili Red in Kerala is priced at ₹19700 on average today. This is the modal (most-traded) price reported by APMC markets.
1 ton (1000 KG) of Chili Red in Kerala costs approximately ₹197000 at today's average mandi rate. Large traders and exporters typically transact in tons.
Today's highest price is ₹27,100/quintal at Palakkad Market in Keralam. The lowest is ₹12,300/quintal at Palakkad Market, Keralam. The price spread is ₹14,800/quintal.
Chili Red mandi prices on KisanDeals are updated daily from APMC markets across India. Data reflects actual arrivals and trades reported by each market for that date.
Today's average Chili Red price in Kerala is ₹19700/quintal. To see whether prices are rising or falling, use the Trend button on any market row to view the 30-day price history chart, or use our Price Prediction tool which uses a 14-day weighted moving average to forecast tomorrow's rate.
You can check today's Chili Red mandi bhav (rate) for any state on KisanDeals. Click a state in the Check Chili Red Price by State section below, or use the State filter in the search bar above to see APMC-wise prices for that state. States with the most APMC data include Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Punjab, and Haryana.
The Chili Red mandi rate shown here is the actual market price at which farmers sold their produce today at APMC markets. MSP (Minimum Support Price) is the government-guaranteed floor price — the actual mandi rate may be higher or lower than MSP depending on season, supply, and demand. KisanDeals shows live APMC market rates, not MSP.
Today's Chili Red wholesale price in Kerala is ₹19700 per quintal at APMC mandis. This is the modal (bulk traded) wholesale rate. Retail prices in local markets are typically 10–25% higher due to transport, arhat (commission), and handling costs.
Chili Red prices are affected by multiple factors: seasonal arrivals (post-harvest flood of supply drives prices down), weather events like unseasonal rains or drought reducing yield, export demand from neighbouring countries, government policies like export bans or MSP procurement, and transportation costs (fuel prices). Use the Trend chart to see historical patterns for context.
Check today's Chili Red rate in Telangana — see all APMC markets in the state with live modal, min, and max prices per quintal. Telangana has major mandis in Hyderabad, Warangal, Nizamabad, and Karimnagar.
See Chili Red mandi price in Andhra Pradesh today — live APMC rates from markets across Vijayawada, Guntur, Kurnool, Nellore, and Visakhapatnam.
View today's Chili Red rate in Karnataka from APMC markets including Bengaluru (APMC Yeshwanthpur), Hubli, Davangere, Mysuru, and Raichur. Karnataka is a major agricultural state with active APMCs.
Check Chili Red price in Maharashtra today — data from Mumbai (APMC Vashi), Pune, Nashik, Nagpur, Solapur, and Aurangabad APMCs. Maharashtra's APMC markets are among the largest in India.
See today's Chili Red rate in Punjab (Amritsar, Ludhiana, Jalandhar mandis) and Chili Red rate in Haryana (Hisar, Rohtak, Karnal markets). Both states are key agricultural hubs for wheat and other crops.
Check Chili Red mandi bhav in Uttar Pradesh today — prices from Agra, Meerut, Aligarh, Kanpur, Lucknow, Varanasi, and Gorakhpur APMCs. UP is India's most populous agricultural state.
See today's Chili Red price in West Bengal from mandis including Kolkata, Siliguri, Asansol, and Howrah. West Bengal is a major consumer and producer state for vegetables and rice.
Check Chili Red rate in Madhya Pradesh (Indore, Bhopal, Sagar mandis) and Chili Red price in Rajasthan (Jaipur, Jodhpur, Kota APMCs) for today's live APMC rates.
To get the best Chili Red price: (1) Compare mandis — use KisanDeals to see which APMC is paying the highest rate today. (2) Use the Compare tool to compare up to 8 markets side by side. (3) Set a price alert — get notified when the rate crosses your target. (4) Check trends — sell when prices are rising, not falling. (5) Check nearby state prices — sometimes transporting to a nearby state's mandi yields higher returns.
The modal price is the most-frequently-traded price at an APMC market — the price at which the highest volume of transactions occurred. The average price on KisanDeals is the mean modal price across all markets reporting today. Modal price is the most reliable reference for actual transactions, whereas the simple average gives a market-wide overview.
Chili Red — Check Price by State Today
Chili Red in Andhra Pradesh
Chili Red in Bihar
Chili Red in Gujarat
Chili Red in Haryana
Chili Red in Karnataka
Chili Red in Kerala
Chili Red in Madhya Pradesh
Chili Red in Maharashtra
Chili Red in Odisha
Chili Red in Punjab
Chili Red in Rajasthan
Chili Red in Tamil Nadu
Chili Red in Telangana
Chili Red in Uttar Pradesh
Chili Red in West Bengal
Other Commodity Prices Today
Chili Red Price Today in Kerala
Chili Red rate today in Kerala is ₹19700 per quintal (₹197 per kg). This is the live Chili Red mandi bhav sourced from APMC markets — updated daily from the Government of India's Open Data Platform and eNAM (National Agriculture Market). Looking for Chili Red price today per kg or Chili Red ka bhav aaj? Today's rate of ₹197/kg is derived from the official modal (most-traded) price of ₹19700/quintal.
The modal price is the most-frequently-traded rate at each mandi — the most reliable reference for farmers and traders. The min and max prices reflect the daily trading range. Retail prices in your local market are typically 10–25% higher due to transportation, arhat (commission) and handling charges.
Palakkad Apmc Mandi is one of the key trading hubs in Kerala for Chili Red. Prices here reflect local supply and demand conditions. For historical trends, use the Trend button next to any price row.
Quick Reference
1 KG
₹197
10 KG
₹1970
1 Quintal (100 KG)
₹19,700
1 Ton (1000 KG)
₹197,000
Factors Affecting Chili Red Prices
Season & Monsoon
Rainfall affects crop yield and arrival volumes. Post-harvest season usually brings lower prices.
Supply & Demand
Higher arrivals push prices down; lower supply or festival demand drives prices up.
Transportation
Fuel prices and road conditions affect the cost of moving produce to mandis.
Export Demand
International demand, especially from neighbouring countries, significantly impacts wholesale rates.