Per KG
₹24.74
avg today
10 KG
₹247.4
approx
1 Quintal
₹2,474
100 KG
1 Ton
₹24,740
1000 KG
Best Price Today
₹4,565/qtl
Sironj Apmc
Madhya Pradesh, Vidisha
Lowest Price Today
₹2,250/qtl
Lakhnadon Apmc
Madhya Pradesh, Seoni
Wheat
Wheat
₹90 3%
₹2,570
/ quintal
· ₹25.7/kg
Min ₹2,450
Max ₹2,570
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Wheat
No change
₹2,580
/ quintal
· ₹25.8/kg
Min ₹2,489
Max ₹2,580
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Wheat
₹5
₹2,490
/ quintal
· ₹24.9/kg
Min ₹2,490
Max ₹2,490
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Wheat
₹50 2%
₹2,400
/ quintal
· ₹24/kg
Min ₹2,370
Max ₹2,750
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Local
₹10
₹2,345
/ quintal
· ₹23.45/kg
Min ₹2,335
Max ₹2,345
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Wheat
₹5
₹2,385
/ quintal
· ₹23.85/kg
Min ₹2,385
Max ₹2,385
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Wheat
No change
₹2,500
/ quintal
· ₹25/kg
Min ₹2,100
Max ₹2,510
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Mill Quality
₹22
₹2,468
/ quintal
· ₹24.68/kg
Min ₹2,462
Max ₹2,468
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Wheat
₹43 1%
₹2,540
/ quintal
· ₹25.4/kg
Min ₹2,359
Max ₹2,611
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Wheat
₹15
₹2,465
/ quintal
· ₹24.65/kg
Min ₹2,380
Max ₹2,625
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Wheat
No change
₹2,500
/ quintal
· ₹25/kg
Min ₹1,700
Max ₹2,510
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Mill Quality
₹6
₹2,369
/ quintal
· ₹23.69/kg
Min ₹2,325
Max ₹2,400
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Wheat
No change
₹2,525
/ quintal
· ₹25.25/kg
Min ₹2,525
Max ₹2,525
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Mill Quality
₹124 4%
₹2,575
/ quintal
· ₹25.75/kg
Min ₹2,575
Max ₹2,575
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Mill Quality
₹15
₹2,425
/ quintal
· ₹24.25/kg
Min ₹2,400
Max ₹2,425
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Wheat
No change
₹2,450
/ quintal
· ₹24.5/kg
Min ₹2,380
Max ₹2,450
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Mill Quality
₹10
₹2,460
/ quintal
· ₹24.6/kg
Min ₹2,440
Max ₹2,460
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Wheat
₹80 3%
₹2,370
/ quintal
· ₹23.7/kg
Min ₹2,370
Max ₹2,380
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Wheat
₹5
₹2,430
/ quintal
· ₹24.3/kg
Min ₹2,400
Max ₹2,430
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Lokwan
₹151 6%
₹2,300
/ quintal
· ₹23/kg
Min ₹2,300
Max ₹2,300
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Wheat
₹40 1%
₹2,440
/ quintal
· ₹24.4/kg
Min ₹2,255
Max ₹2,590
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Wheat
₹80 3%
₹2,440
/ quintal
· ₹24.4/kg
Min ₹2,400
Max ₹2,440
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Mill Quality
No change
₹2,425
/ quintal
· ₹24.25/kg
Min ₹2,400
Max ₹2,455
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Wheat
₹20
₹2,470
/ quintal
· ₹24.7/kg
Min ₹2,470
Max ₹2,470
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Local
₹125 5%
₹2,250
/ quintal
· ₹22.5/kg
Min ₹2,245
Max ₹2,251
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Mill Quality
₹17
₹2,417
/ quintal
· ₹24.17/kg
Min ₹2,341
Max ₹2,417
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Wheat
₹24
₹2,474
/ quintal
· ₹24.74/kg
Min ₹2,300
Max ₹2,476
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Wheat
No change
₹2,430
/ quintal
· ₹24.3/kg
Min ₹2,410
Max ₹2,430
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Wheat
No change
₹2,360
/ quintal
· ₹23.6/kg
Min ₹2,340
Max ₹2,360
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Mill Quality
No change
₹2,300
/ quintal
· ₹23/kg
Min ₹2,300
Max ₹2,300
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Wheat
₹30 1%
₹2,450
/ quintal
· ₹24.5/kg
Min ₹2,386
Max ₹2,586
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Wheat
₹25
₹2,505
/ quintal
· ₹25.05/kg
Min ₹2,390
Max ₹3,255
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Wheat
No change
₹2,400
/ quintal
· ₹24/kg
Min ₹2,304
Max ₹2,486
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Wheat
₹5
₹2,485
/ quintal
· ₹24.85/kg
Min ₹2,160
Max ₹2,705
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Mill Quality
₹25 1%
₹2,365
/ quintal
· ₹23.65/kg
Min ₹2,365
Max ₹2,365
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Mill Quality
₹7
₹2,395
/ quintal
· ₹23.95/kg
Min ₹2,347
Max ₹2,412
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Wheat
₹24
₹2,501
/ quintal
· ₹25.01/kg
Min ₹2,300
Max ₹2,601
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Other
No change
₹2,465
/ quintal
· ₹24.65/kg
Min ₹2,465
Max ₹2,465
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Wheat
₹10
₹2,400
/ quintal
· ₹24/kg
Min ₹2,390
Max ₹2,400
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Wheat
₹10
₹2,340
/ quintal
· ₹23.4/kg
Min ₹2,320
Max ₹2,531
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Wheat
₹90 3%
₹2,490
/ quintal
· ₹24.9/kg
Min ₹2,385
Max ₹2,495
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Mill Quality
₹107 4%
₹2,390
/ quintal
· ₹23.9/kg
Min ₹2,390
Max ₹2,390
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Wheat
₹60 2%
₹2,400
/ quintal
· ₹24/kg
Min ₹2,300
Max ₹4,150
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Mill Quality
No change
₹2,350
/ quintal
· ₹23.5/kg
Min ₹2,350
Max ₹2,350
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Wheat
No change
₹2,560
/ quintal
· ₹25.6/kg
Min ₹2,380
Max ₹2,570
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Wheat
₹60 2%
₹2,300
/ quintal
· ₹23/kg
Min ₹2,300
Max ₹2,300
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Wheat
No change
₹2,469
/ quintal
· ₹24.69/kg
Min ₹2,399
Max ₹2,469
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Wheat
₹190 8%
₹2,550
/ quintal
· ₹25.5/kg
Min ₹2,200
Max ₹2,870
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Local
No change
₹2,350
/ quintal
· ₹23.5/kg
Min ₹2,350
Max ₹2,350
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Wheat
Mill Quality
No change
₹2,400
/ quintal
· ₹24/kg
Min ₹2,400
Max ₹2,470
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
| Commodity | Variety | Market (APMC) | District | State | Min Price ₹ | Modal Price ₹ | Max Price ₹ | Change | Date | Trend chart |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wheat | Wheat | Guna | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,450 | ₹2,570 | ₹2,570 | ₹90 | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Wheat | Shajapur | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,489 | ₹2,580 | ₹2,580 | — | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Wheat | Gwalior | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,490 | ₹2,490 | ₹2,490 | ₹5 | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Wheat | Raisen | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,370 | ₹2,400 | ₹2,750 | ₹50 | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Local | Satna | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,335 | ₹2,345 | ₹2,345 | ₹10 | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Wheat | Bhind | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,385 | ₹2,385 | ₹2,385 | ₹5 | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Wheat | Khargone | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,100 | ₹2,500 | ₹2,510 | — | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Mill Quality | Harda | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,462 | ₹2,468 | ₹2,468 | ₹22 | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Wheat | Shajapur | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,359 | ₹2,540 | ₹2,611 | ₹43 | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Wheat | Raisen | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,380 | ₹2,465 | ₹2,625 | ₹15 | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Wheat | Hoshangabad | Madhya Pradesh | ₹1,700 | ₹2,500 | ₹2,510 | — | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Mill Quality | Shivpuri | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,325 | ₹2,369 | ₹2,400 | ₹6 | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Wheat | Khargone | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,525 | ₹2,525 | ₹2,525 | — | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Mill Quality | Ratlam | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,575 | ₹2,575 | ₹2,575 | ₹124 | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Mill Quality | Tikamgarh | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,400 | ₹2,425 | ₹2,425 | ₹15 | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Wheat | Seoni | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,380 | ₹2,450 | ₹2,450 | — | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Mill Quality | Bhind | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,440 | ₹2,460 | ₹2,460 | ₹10 | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Wheat | Sheopur | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,370 | ₹2,370 | ₹2,380 | ₹80 | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Wheat | Bhind | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,400 | ₹2,430 | ₹2,430 | ₹5 | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Lokwan | Mandsaur | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,300 | ₹2,300 | ₹2,300 | ₹151 | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Wheat | Rajgarh | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,255 | ₹2,440 | ₹2,590 | ₹40 | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Wheat | Satna | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,400 | ₹2,440 | ₹2,440 | ₹80 | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Mill Quality | Sagar | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,400 | ₹2,425 | ₹2,455 | — | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Wheat | Sheopur | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,470 | ₹2,470 | ₹2,470 | ₹20 | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Local | Seoni | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,245 | ₹2,250 | ₹2,251 | ₹125 | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Mill Quality | Shivpuri | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,341 | ₹2,417 | ₹2,417 | ₹17 | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Wheat | Khandwa | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,300 | ₹2,474 | ₹2,476 | ₹24 | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Wheat | Morena | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,410 | ₹2,430 | ₹2,430 | — | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Wheat | Tikamgarh | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,340 | ₹2,360 | ₹2,360 | — | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Mill Quality | Mandla | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,300 | ₹2,300 | ₹2,300 | — | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Wheat | Sheopur | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,386 | ₹2,450 | ₹2,586 | ₹30 | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Wheat | Shivpuri | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,390 | ₹2,505 | ₹3,255 | ₹25 | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Wheat | Dewas | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,304 | ₹2,400 | ₹2,486 | — | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Wheat | Rajgarh | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,160 | ₹2,485 | ₹2,705 | ₹5 | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Mill Quality | Satna | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,365 | ₹2,365 | ₹2,365 | ₹25 | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Mill Quality | Tikamgarh | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,347 | ₹2,395 | ₹2,412 | ₹7 | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Wheat | Mandsaur | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,300 | ₹2,501 | ₹2,601 | ₹24 | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Other | Rewa | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,465 | ₹2,465 | ₹2,465 | — | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Wheat | Damoh | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,390 | ₹2,400 | ₹2,400 | ₹10 | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Wheat | Satna | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,320 | ₹2,340 | ₹2,531 | ₹10 | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Wheat | Ujjain | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,385 | ₹2,490 | ₹2,495 | ₹90 | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Mill Quality | Betul | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,390 | ₹2,390 | ₹2,390 | ₹107 | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Wheat | Sehore | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,300 | ₹2,400 | ₹4,150 | ₹60 | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Mill Quality | Damoh | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,350 | ₹2,350 | ₹2,350 | — | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Wheat | Indore | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,380 | ₹2,560 | ₹2,570 | — | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Wheat | Dindori | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,300 | ₹2,300 | ₹2,300 | ₹60 | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Wheat | Damoh | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,399 | ₹2,469 | ₹2,469 | — | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Wheat | Ujjain | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,200 | ₹2,550 | ₹2,870 | ₹190 | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Local | Katni | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,350 | ₹2,350 | ₹2,350 | — | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Wheat | Mill Quality | Chhatarpur | Madhya Pradesh | ₹2,400 | ₹2,400 | ₹2,470 | — | 07/07/2026 |
Showing latest 50 records. Use the search above to filter by commodity, state or market.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Today's average modal price of Wheat in Madhya Pradesh is ₹2474 per quintal (100 KG), approximately ₹24.74 per KG. Prices vary by market and arrival volume.
1 KG of Wheat in Madhya Pradesh costs approximately ₹24.74 based on today's average mandi rate of ₹2474/quintal. Retail prices may be slightly higher.
10 KG of Wheat in Madhya Pradesh costs approximately ₹247 at today's average mandi rate. Prices differ across APMCs; check the table above for market-specific rates.
1 quintal (100 KG) of Wheat in Madhya Pradesh is priced at ₹2474 on average today. This is the modal (most-traded) price reported by APMC markets.
1 ton (1000 KG) of Wheat in Madhya Pradesh costs approximately ₹24740 at today's average mandi rate. Large traders and exporters typically transact in tons.
Today's highest price is ₹4,565/quintal at Sironj Apmc in Madhya Pradesh. The lowest is ₹2,250/quintal at Lakhnadon Apmc, Madhya Pradesh. The price spread is ₹2,315/quintal.
Wheat mandi prices on KisanDeals are updated daily from APMC markets across India. Data reflects actual arrivals and trades reported by each market for that date.
Today's average Wheat price in Madhya Pradesh is ₹2474/quintal. To see whether prices are rising or falling, use the Trend button on any market row to view the 30-day price history chart, or use our Price Prediction tool which uses a 14-day weighted moving average to forecast tomorrow's rate.
You can check today's Wheat mandi bhav (rate) for any state on KisanDeals. Click a state in the Check Wheat Price by State section below, or use the State filter in the search bar above to see APMC-wise prices for that state. States with the most APMC data include Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Punjab, and Haryana.
The Wheat mandi rate shown here is the actual market price at which farmers sold their produce today at APMC markets. MSP (Minimum Support Price) is the government-guaranteed floor price — the actual mandi rate may be higher or lower than MSP depending on season, supply, and demand. KisanDeals shows live APMC market rates, not MSP.
Today's Wheat wholesale price in Madhya Pradesh is ₹2474 per quintal at APMC mandis. This is the modal (bulk traded) wholesale rate. Retail prices in local markets are typically 10–25% higher due to transport, arhat (commission), and handling costs.
Wheat prices are affected by multiple factors: seasonal arrivals (post-harvest flood of supply drives prices down), weather events like unseasonal rains or drought reducing yield, export demand from neighbouring countries, government policies like export bans or MSP procurement, and transportation costs (fuel prices). Use the Trend chart to see historical patterns for context.
Check today's Wheat rate in Telangana — see all APMC markets in the state with live modal, min, and max prices per quintal. Telangana has major mandis in Hyderabad, Warangal, Nizamabad, and Karimnagar.
See Wheat mandi price in Andhra Pradesh today — live APMC rates from markets across Vijayawada, Guntur, Kurnool, Nellore, and Visakhapatnam.
View today's Wheat rate in Karnataka from APMC markets including Bengaluru (APMC Yeshwanthpur), Hubli, Davangere, Mysuru, and Raichur. Karnataka is a major agricultural state with active APMCs.
Check Wheat price in Maharashtra today — data from Mumbai (APMC Vashi), Pune, Nashik, Nagpur, Solapur, and Aurangabad APMCs. Maharashtra's APMC markets are among the largest in India.
See today's Wheat rate in Punjab (Amritsar, Ludhiana, Jalandhar mandis) and Wheat rate in Haryana (Hisar, Rohtak, Karnal markets). Both states are key agricultural hubs for wheat and other crops.
Check Wheat mandi bhav in Uttar Pradesh today — prices from Agra, Meerut, Aligarh, Kanpur, Lucknow, Varanasi, and Gorakhpur APMCs. UP is India's most populous agricultural state.
See today's Wheat price in West Bengal from mandis including Kolkata, Siliguri, Asansol, and Howrah. West Bengal is a major consumer and producer state for vegetables and rice.
Check Wheat rate in Madhya Pradesh (Indore, Bhopal, Sagar mandis) and Wheat price in Rajasthan (Jaipur, Jodhpur, Kota APMCs) for today's live APMC rates.
To get the best Wheat price: (1) Compare mandis — use KisanDeals to see which APMC is paying the highest rate today. (2) Use the Compare tool to compare up to 8 markets side by side. (3) Set a price alert — get notified when the rate crosses your target. (4) Check trends — sell when prices are rising, not falling. (5) Check nearby state prices — sometimes transporting to a nearby state's mandi yields higher returns.
The modal price is the most-frequently-traded price at an APMC market — the price at which the highest volume of transactions occurred. The average price on KisanDeals is the mean modal price across all markets reporting today. Modal price is the most reliable reference for actual transactions, whereas the simple average gives a market-wide overview.
Wheat — Check Price by State Today
Other Commodity Prices Today
Wheat Price Today in Madhya Pradesh
Wheat rate today in Madhya Pradesh is ₹2474 per quintal (₹24.74 per kg). This is the live Wheat mandi bhav sourced from APMC markets — updated daily from the Government of India's Open Data Platform and eNAM (National Agriculture Market). Looking for Wheat price today per kg or Wheat ka bhav aaj? Today's rate of ₹24.74/kg is derived from the official modal (most-traded) price of ₹2474/quintal.
The modal price is the most-frequently-traded rate at each mandi — the most reliable reference for farmers and traders. The min and max prices reflect the daily trading range. Retail prices in your local market are typically 10–25% higher due to transportation, arhat (commission) and handling charges.
Rajgarh Apmc Mandi is one of the key trading hubs in Madhya Pradesh for Wheat. Prices here reflect local supply and demand conditions. For historical trends, use the Trend button next to any price row.
Quick Reference
1 KG
₹24.74
10 KG
₹247.4
1 Quintal (100 KG)
₹2,474
1 Ton (1000 KG)
₹24,740
About Wheat (Gehu) — India's Largest Rabi Crop
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is India's second-largest food grain and the primary staple for over 600 million people in northern and central India. India is the world's second-largest wheat producer, harvesting around 110–115 million tonnes annually. The crop is primarily grown during the Rabi (winter) season — sown October–December and harvested March–May.
Major producing states: Uttar Pradesh (33%), Madhya Pradesh (20%), Punjab (16%), Haryana (12%), Rajasthan (8%), Bihar, and Gujarat account for over 95% of India's wheat production. Punjab and Haryana have the highest yield per hectare thanks to Green Revolution irrigation infrastructure.
Uses: Wheat is milled into atta (flour) for chapati, bread, biscuits, pasta, and semolina (suji). India's wheat MSP for 2024-25 is ₹2,275/quintal. Actual mandi rates typically track MSP but vary by quality, variety, and state procurement policies.
Factors Affecting Wheat Prices
Season & Monsoon
Rainfall affects crop yield and arrival volumes. Post-harvest season usually brings lower prices.
Supply & Demand
Higher arrivals push prices down; lower supply or festival demand drives prices up.
Transportation
Fuel prices and road conditions affect the cost of moving produce to mandis.
Export Demand
International demand, especially from neighbouring countries, significantly impacts wholesale rates.