Per KG
₹16.78
avg today
10 KG
₹167.8
approx
1 Quintal
₹1,678
100 KG
1 Ton
₹16,780
1000 KG
Best Price Today
₹2,300/qtl
Santar Bazaar Apmc
Assam, Karimganj
Lowest Price Today
₹1,350/qtl
Doomdumia Apmc
Assam, Nagaon
Pumpkin
Pumpkin
No change
₹1,700
/ quintal
· ₹17/kg
Min ₹1,600
Max ₹1,850
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
Pumpkin
₹100 7%
₹1,500
/ quintal
· ₹15/kg
Min ₹1,400
Max ₹1,600
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
Pumpkin
No change
₹1,350
/ quintal
· ₹13.5/kg
Min ₹1,200
Max ₹1,500
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
Pumpkin
₹100 6%
₹1,700
/ quintal
· ₹17/kg
Min ₹1,600
Max ₹1,800
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
Pumpkin
No change
₹1,500
/ quintal
· ₹15/kg
Min ₹1,400
Max ₹1,600
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
Pumpkin
No change
₹2,300
/ quintal
· ₹23/kg
Min ₹2,200
Max ₹2,500
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
Pumpkin
No change
₹1,700
/ quintal
· ₹17/kg
Min ₹1,500
Max ₹2,000
07/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
PUMPKIN
No change
₹2,000
/ quintal
· ₹20/kg
Min ₹1,800
Max ₹2,000
06/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
PUMPKIN
No change
₹1,350
/ quintal
· ₹13.5/kg
Min ₹1,200
Max ₹1,500
06/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
PUMPKIN
No change
₹1,600
/ quintal
· ₹16/kg
Min ₹1,500
Max ₹1,700
06/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
PUMPKIN
No change
₹1,400
/ quintal
· ₹14/kg
Min ₹1,300
Max ₹1,500
06/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
PUMPKIN
No change
₹1,700
/ quintal
· ₹17/kg
Min ₹1,600
Max ₹1,800
06/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
PUMPKIN
No change
₹1,800
/ quintal
· ₹18/kg
Min ₹1,700
Max ₹1,900
04/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
PUMPKIN
No change
₹1,700
/ quintal
· ₹17/kg
Min ₹1,600
Max ₹1,800
04/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
PUMPKIN
No change
₹1,500
/ quintal
· ₹15/kg
Min ₹1,400
Max ₹1,600
04/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
PUMPKIN
No change
₹1,800
/ quintal
· ₹18/kg
Min ₹1,600
Max ₹1,900
04/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
PUMPKIN
No change
₹2,300
/ quintal
· ₹23/kg
Min ₹2,000
Max ₹2,500
04/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
PUMPKIN
No change
₹2,300
/ quintal
· ₹23/kg
Min ₹2,000
Max ₹2,500
03/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
PUMPKIN
No change
₹2,300
/ quintal
· ₹23/kg
Min ₹2,000
Max ₹2,500
03/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
PUMPKIN
No change
₹1,350
/ quintal
· ₹13.5/kg
Min ₹1,200
Max ₹1,500
03/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
PUMPKIN
No change
₹1,600
/ quintal
· ₹16/kg
Min ₹1,500
Max ₹1,700
02/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
PUMPKIN
No change
₹1,350
/ quintal
· ₹13.5/kg
Min ₹1,200
Max ₹1,500
02/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
PUMPKIN
₹200 10%
₹1,800
/ quintal
· ₹18/kg
Min ₹1,700
Max ₹1,900
01/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
PUMPKIN
No change
₹1,350
/ quintal
· ₹13.5/kg
Min ₹1,200
Max ₹1,500
01/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
PUMPKIN
No change
₹1,600
/ quintal
· ₹16/kg
Min ₹1,500
Max ₹1,700
01/07/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
PUMPKIN
No change
₹1,600
/ quintal
· ₹16/kg
Min ₹1,500
Max ₹1,700
30/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
PUMPKIN
No change
₹2,000
/ quintal
· ₹20/kg
Min ₹1,900
Max ₹2,100
30/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
PUMPKIN
No change
₹1,800
/ quintal
· ₹18/kg
Min ₹1,600
Max ₹1,800
29/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
PUMPKIN
No change
₹2,000
/ quintal
· ₹20/kg
Min ₹1,900
Max ₹2,100
29/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
PUMPKIN
No change
₹1,600
/ quintal
· ₹16/kg
Min ₹1,500
Max ₹1,800
29/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
PUMPKIN
No change
₹2,100
/ quintal
· ₹21/kg
Min ₹1,800
Max ₹2,200
29/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
PUMPKIN
No change
₹1,350
/ quintal
· ₹13.5/kg
Min ₹1,200
Max ₹1,500
29/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
PUMPKIN
No change
₹1,900
/ quintal
· ₹19/kg
Min ₹1,800
Max ₹2,000
29/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
PUMPKIN
No change
₹1,500
/ quintal
· ₹15/kg
Min ₹1,300
Max ₹2,000
29/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
PUMPKIN
₹700 33%
₹2,800
/ quintal
· ₹28/kg
Min ₹2,600
Max ₹3,000
28/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
PUMPKIN
₹200 10%
₹2,100
/ quintal
· ₹21/kg
Min ₹2,000
Max ₹2,200
27/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
PUMPKIN
No change
₹1,700
/ quintal
· ₹17/kg
Min ₹1,600
Max ₹1,700
27/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
PUMPKIN
₹200 10%
₹2,100
/ quintal
· ₹21/kg
Min ₹2,000
Max ₹2,200
27/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
PUMPKIN
No change
₹2,500
/ quintal
· ₹25/kg
Min ₹2,500
Max ₹2,800
26/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
PUMPKIN
No change
₹2,000
/ quintal
· ₹20/kg
Min ₹1,800
Max ₹2,500
26/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
PUMPKIN
No change
₹1,900
/ quintal
· ₹19/kg
Min ₹1,800
Max ₹2,000
26/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
PUMPKIN
No change
₹1,800
/ quintal
· ₹18/kg
Min ₹1,700
Max ₹1,900
26/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
PUMPKIN
₹100 6%
₹1,500
/ quintal
· ₹15/kg
Min ₹1,400
Max ₹1,600
26/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
PUMPKIN
No change
₹1,900
/ quintal
· ₹19/kg
Min ₹1,800
Max ₹2,000
26/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
PUMPKIN
₹100 6%
₹1,600
/ quintal
· ₹16/kg
Min ₹1,500
Max ₹1,700
26/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
PUMPKIN
No change
₹1,900
/ quintal
· ₹19/kg
Min ₹1,800
Max ₹2,000
26/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
PUMPKIN
No change
₹1,350
/ quintal
· ₹13.5/kg
Min ₹1,200
Max ₹1,500
26/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
PUMPKIN
₹100 6%
₹1,600
/ quintal
· ₹16/kg
Min ₹1,500
Max ₹1,750
25/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
PUMPKIN
₹100 5%
₹1,900
/ quintal
· ₹19/kg
Min ₹1,800
Max ₹2,000
25/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
Pumpkin
PUMPKIN
₹100 5%
₹1,900
/ quintal
· ₹19/kg
Min ₹1,800
Max ₹2,000
25/06/2026
Price Trend
Alerts
| Commodity | Variety | Market (APMC) | District | State | Min Price ₹ | Modal Price ₹ | Max Price ₹ | Change | Date | Trend chart |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pumpkin | Pumpkin | Nagaon | Assam | ₹1,600 | ₹1,700 | ₹1,850 | — | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | Pumpkin | Darrang | Assam | ₹1,400 | ₹1,500 | ₹1,600 | ₹100 | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | Pumpkin | Nagaon | Assam | ₹1,200 | ₹1,350 | ₹1,500 | — | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | Pumpkin | Nagaon | Assam | ₹1,600 | ₹1,700 | ₹1,800 | ₹100 | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | Pumpkin | Darrang | Assam | ₹1,400 | ₹1,500 | ₹1,600 | — | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | Pumpkin | Karimganj | Assam | ₹2,200 | ₹2,300 | ₹2,500 | — | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | Pumpkin | Kamrup | Assam | ₹1,500 | ₹1,700 | ₹2,000 | — | 07/07/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | PUMPKIN | Sonitpur | Assam | ₹1,800 | ₹2,000 | ₹2,000 | — | 06/07/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | PUMPKIN | Nagaon | Assam | ₹1,200 | ₹1,350 | ₹1,500 | — | 06/07/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | PUMPKIN | Nagaon | Assam | ₹1,500 | ₹1,600 | ₹1,700 | — | 06/07/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | PUMPKIN | Darrang | Assam | ₹1,300 | ₹1,400 | ₹1,500 | — | 06/07/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | PUMPKIN | Nagaon | Assam | ₹1,600 | ₹1,700 | ₹1,800 | — | 06/07/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | PUMPKIN | Nagaon | Assam | ₹1,700 | ₹1,800 | ₹1,900 | — | 04/07/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | PUMPKIN | Nagaon | Assam | ₹1,600 | ₹1,700 | ₹1,800 | — | 04/07/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | PUMPKIN | Darrang | Assam | ₹1,400 | ₹1,500 | ₹1,600 | — | 04/07/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | PUMPKIN | Karimganj | Assam | ₹1,600 | ₹1,800 | ₹1,900 | — | 04/07/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | PUMPKIN | Kamrup | Assam | ₹2,000 | ₹2,300 | ₹2,500 | — | 04/07/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | PUMPKIN | Hailakandi | Assam | ₹2,000 | ₹2,300 | ₹2,500 | — | 03/07/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | PUMPKIN | Hailakandi | Assam | ₹2,000 | ₹2,300 | ₹2,500 | — | 03/07/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | PUMPKIN | Nagaon | Assam | ₹1,200 | ₹1,350 | ₹1,500 | — | 03/07/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | PUMPKIN | Nagaon | Assam | ₹1,500 | ₹1,600 | ₹1,700 | — | 02/07/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | PUMPKIN | Nagaon | Assam | ₹1,200 | ₹1,350 | ₹1,500 | — | 02/07/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | PUMPKIN | Darrang | Assam | ₹1,700 | ₹1,800 | ₹1,900 | ₹200 | 01/07/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | PUMPKIN | Nagaon | Assam | ₹1,200 | ₹1,350 | ₹1,500 | — | 01/07/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | PUMPKIN | Nagaon | Assam | ₹1,500 | ₹1,600 | ₹1,700 | — | 01/07/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | PUMPKIN | Nagaon | Assam | ₹1,500 | ₹1,600 | ₹1,700 | — | 30/06/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | PUMPKIN | Darrang | Assam | ₹1,900 | ₹2,000 | ₹2,100 | — | 30/06/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | PUMPKIN | Sonitpur | Assam | ₹1,600 | ₹1,800 | ₹1,800 | — | 29/06/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | PUMPKIN | Darrang | Assam | ₹1,900 | ₹2,000 | ₹2,100 | — | 29/06/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | PUMPKIN | Nagaon | Assam | ₹1,500 | ₹1,600 | ₹1,800 | — | 29/06/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | PUMPKIN | Cachar | Assam | ₹1,800 | ₹2,100 | ₹2,200 | — | 29/06/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | PUMPKIN | Nagaon | Assam | ₹1,200 | ₹1,350 | ₹1,500 | — | 29/06/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | PUMPKIN | Darrang | Assam | ₹1,800 | ₹1,900 | ₹2,000 | — | 29/06/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | PUMPKIN | Kamrup | Assam | ₹1,300 | ₹1,500 | ₹2,000 | — | 29/06/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | PUMPKIN | Hailakandi | Assam | ₹2,600 | ₹2,800 | ₹3,000 | ₹700 | 28/06/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | PUMPKIN | Cachar | Assam | ₹2,000 | ₹2,100 | ₹2,200 | ₹200 | 27/06/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | PUMPKIN | Sonitpur | Assam | ₹1,600 | ₹1,700 | ₹1,700 | — | 27/06/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | PUMPKIN | Hailakandi | Assam | ₹2,000 | ₹2,100 | ₹2,200 | ₹200 | 27/06/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | PUMPKIN | Karimganj | Assam | ₹2,500 | ₹2,500 | ₹2,800 | — | 26/06/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | PUMPKIN | Kamrup | Assam | ₹1,800 | ₹2,000 | ₹2,500 | — | 26/06/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | PUMPKIN | Darrang | Assam | ₹1,800 | ₹1,900 | ₹2,000 | — | 26/06/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | PUMPKIN | Darrang | Assam | ₹1,700 | ₹1,800 | ₹1,900 | — | 26/06/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | PUMPKIN | Nagaon | Assam | ₹1,400 | ₹1,500 | ₹1,600 | ₹100 | 26/06/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | PUMPKIN | Cachar | Assam | ₹1,800 | ₹1,900 | ₹2,000 | — | 26/06/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | PUMPKIN | Nagaon | Assam | ₹1,500 | ₹1,600 | ₹1,700 | ₹100 | 26/06/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | PUMPKIN | Hailakandi | Assam | ₹1,800 | ₹1,900 | ₹2,000 | — | 26/06/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | PUMPKIN | Nagaon | Assam | ₹1,200 | ₹1,350 | ₹1,500 | — | 26/06/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | PUMPKIN | Nagaon | Assam | ₹1,500 | ₹1,600 | ₹1,750 | ₹100 | 25/06/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | PUMPKIN | Cachar | Assam | ₹1,800 | ₹1,900 | ₹2,000 | ₹100 | 25/06/2026 | ||
| Pumpkin | PUMPKIN | Cachar | Assam | ₹1,800 | ₹1,900 | ₹2,000 | ₹100 | 25/06/2026 |
Showing latest 50 records. Use the search above to filter by commodity, state or market.
Explore More Markets
Pumpkin · Ambagan Apmc
Pumpkin · Besimari Apmc
Pumpkin · Doomdumia Apmc
Pumpkin · Haibargaon Apmc
Pumpkin · Balugaon Apmc
Pumpkin · Santar Bazaar Apmc
Pumpkin · Pamohi Garchuk Apmc
Pumpkin · Dhekiajuli Apmc
Pumpkin · Doomdumia Apmc
Pumpkin · Haibargaon Apmc
Pumpkin · Besimari Apmc
Pumpkin · Ambagan Apmc
Frequently Asked Questions
Today's average modal price of Pumpkin in Assam is ₹1678 per quintal (100 KG), approximately ₹16.78 per KG. Prices vary by market and arrival volume.
1 KG of Pumpkin in Assam costs approximately ₹16.78 based on today's average mandi rate of ₹1678/quintal. Retail prices may be slightly higher.
10 KG of Pumpkin in Assam costs approximately ₹167 at today's average mandi rate. Prices differ across APMCs; check the table above for market-specific rates.
1 quintal (100 KG) of Pumpkin in Assam is priced at ₹1678 on average today. This is the modal (most-traded) price reported by APMC markets.
1 ton (1000 KG) of Pumpkin in Assam costs approximately ₹16780 at today's average mandi rate. Large traders and exporters typically transact in tons.
Today's highest price is ₹2,300/quintal at Santar Bazaar Apmc in Assam. The lowest is ₹1,350/quintal at Doomdumia Apmc, Assam. The price spread is ₹950/quintal.
Pumpkin mandi prices on KisanDeals are updated daily from APMC markets across India. Data reflects actual arrivals and trades reported by each market for that date.
Today's average Pumpkin price in Assam is ₹1678/quintal. To see whether prices are rising or falling, use the Trend button on any market row to view the 30-day price history chart, or use our Price Prediction tool which uses a 14-day weighted moving average to forecast tomorrow's rate.
You can check today's Pumpkin mandi bhav (rate) for any state on KisanDeals. Click a state in the Check Pumpkin Price by State section below, or use the State filter in the search bar above to see APMC-wise prices for that state. States with the most APMC data include Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Punjab, and Haryana.
The Pumpkin mandi rate shown here is the actual market price at which farmers sold their produce today at APMC markets. MSP (Minimum Support Price) is the government-guaranteed floor price — the actual mandi rate may be higher or lower than MSP depending on season, supply, and demand. KisanDeals shows live APMC market rates, not MSP.
Today's Pumpkin wholesale price in Assam is ₹1678 per quintal at APMC mandis. This is the modal (bulk traded) wholesale rate. Retail prices in local markets are typically 10–25% higher due to transport, arhat (commission), and handling costs.
Pumpkin prices are affected by multiple factors: seasonal arrivals (post-harvest flood of supply drives prices down), weather events like unseasonal rains or drought reducing yield, export demand from neighbouring countries, government policies like export bans or MSP procurement, and transportation costs (fuel prices). Use the Trend chart to see historical patterns for context.
Check today's Pumpkin rate in Telangana — see all APMC markets in the state with live modal, min, and max prices per quintal. Telangana has major mandis in Hyderabad, Warangal, Nizamabad, and Karimnagar.
See Pumpkin mandi price in Andhra Pradesh today — live APMC rates from markets across Vijayawada, Guntur, Kurnool, Nellore, and Visakhapatnam.
View today's Pumpkin rate in Karnataka from APMC markets including Bengaluru (APMC Yeshwanthpur), Hubli, Davangere, Mysuru, and Raichur. Karnataka is a major agricultural state with active APMCs.
Check Pumpkin price in Maharashtra today — data from Mumbai (APMC Vashi), Pune, Nashik, Nagpur, Solapur, and Aurangabad APMCs. Maharashtra's APMC markets are among the largest in India.
See today's Pumpkin rate in Punjab (Amritsar, Ludhiana, Jalandhar mandis) and Pumpkin rate in Haryana (Hisar, Rohtak, Karnal markets). Both states are key agricultural hubs for wheat and other crops.
Check Pumpkin mandi bhav in Uttar Pradesh today — prices from Agra, Meerut, Aligarh, Kanpur, Lucknow, Varanasi, and Gorakhpur APMCs. UP is India's most populous agricultural state.
See today's Pumpkin price in West Bengal from mandis including Kolkata, Siliguri, Asansol, and Howrah. West Bengal is a major consumer and producer state for vegetables and rice.
Check Pumpkin rate in Madhya Pradesh (Indore, Bhopal, Sagar mandis) and Pumpkin price in Rajasthan (Jaipur, Jodhpur, Kota APMCs) for today's live APMC rates.
To get the best Pumpkin price: (1) Compare mandis — use KisanDeals to see which APMC is paying the highest rate today. (2) Use the Compare tool to compare up to 8 markets side by side. (3) Set a price alert — get notified when the rate crosses your target. (4) Check trends — sell when prices are rising, not falling. (5) Check nearby state prices — sometimes transporting to a nearby state's mandi yields higher returns.
The modal price is the most-frequently-traded price at an APMC market — the price at which the highest volume of transactions occurred. The average price on KisanDeals is the mean modal price across all markets reporting today. Modal price is the most reliable reference for actual transactions, whereas the simple average gives a market-wide overview.
Pumpkin — Check Price by State Today
Pumpkin in Andhra Pradesh
Pumpkin in Bihar
Pumpkin in Gujarat
Pumpkin in Haryana
Pumpkin in Karnataka
Pumpkin in Kerala
Pumpkin in Madhya Pradesh
Pumpkin in Maharashtra
Pumpkin in Odisha
Pumpkin in Punjab
Pumpkin in Rajasthan
Pumpkin in Tamil Nadu
Pumpkin in Telangana
Pumpkin in Uttar Pradesh
Pumpkin in West Bengal
Other Commodity Prices Today
Pumpkin Price Today in Assam
Pumpkin rate today in Assam is ₹1678 per quintal (₹16.78 per kg). This is the live Pumpkin mandi bhav sourced from APMC markets — updated daily from the Government of India's Open Data Platform and eNAM (National Agriculture Market). Looking for Pumpkin price today per kg or Pumpkin ka bhav aaj? Today's rate of ₹16.78/kg is derived from the official modal (most-traded) price of ₹1678/quintal.
The modal price is the most-frequently-traded rate at each mandi — the most reliable reference for farmers and traders. The min and max prices reflect the daily trading range. Retail prices in your local market are typically 10–25% higher due to transportation, arhat (commission) and handling charges.
Barpeta Road Apmc Mandi is one of the key trading hubs in Assam for Pumpkin. Prices here reflect local supply and demand conditions. For historical trends, use the Trend button next to any price row.
Quick Reference
1 KG
₹16.78
10 KG
₹167.8
1 Quintal (100 KG)
₹1,678
1 Ton (1000 KG)
₹16,780
Factors Affecting Pumpkin Prices
Season & Monsoon
Rainfall affects crop yield and arrival volumes. Post-harvest season usually brings lower prices.
Supply & Demand
Higher arrivals push prices down; lower supply or festival demand drives prices up.
Transportation
Fuel prices and road conditions affect the cost of moving produce to mandis.
Export Demand
International demand, especially from neighbouring countries, significantly impacts wholesale rates.